阅读是
长难句解题思路
1. 首先寻找连词:连词包含并列连词,从属连词和关系词,并且依据连词将长句划分成短句;
2. 依据五大句型基本结构,判断短句的句子成分。注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(现在分词,动名词,过去分词,不定式),明确句子的谓语动词,剥离定语,状语,从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句:时间状语从句,定语从句
When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.
长句分析:
(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;
(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语,因此省略了关系代词that。注意:先行词为不定代词everything时,关系代词不可使用Which;
(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语;
(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;
长句
第2句:目的状语从句,宾语从句
The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
长句分析:
(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句,so 前面的句子是主句,that 后面的句子是目的状语从句;
(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语,it 是指示代词, 指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语;
(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;
(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法;
长句
第3句:定语从句
The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.
长句分析:
(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;
(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词that/which;
(3) choose: 选择;选取;挑选;决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;
(4) plan to do something: 计划做某事;
(5) more than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;
(6) apply for : 提出申请;申请…职位;请求;
长句
第4句:定语从句
Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.
长句分析:
(1)who引导了一个定语从句,修饰先行词a Chinese man;
(2)around : 大约, Around this time的大约这个时候;
(3) start doing something: 开始做某事;
长句
第5句:条件状语从句
I will tell you about it if no water is spilt when you reach here.
长句分析:
(1)主句是I will tell you about it, if 引导条件状语从句,when引导时间状语从句;
(2)tell somebody something = tell something to somebody: 告诉某人某事;
(3)spill: 溢出,涌出,蜂拥而出。过去式:spilt/spilled; 过去分词:spilt/spilled;
现在分词:spilling
长句
第6句:结果状语从句
The crocodile noticed that accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.
长句分析:
(1) so 前后链接的两个句子表示因果关系,前面是因,后面是果;
(2) down he dived : 是将副词down 提到了主语的前面,用于强调down;
(3) dive: 猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;
(4) bring something up: 养育,抚养,养大;谈及;提出;呕吐;咳出;
长句
第7句:原因状语从句,宾语从句,比较状语从句
Frost thinks kids don`t find the experience of being taught by smart machine as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
长句分析:
(1)because引导了一个原因状语从句,前面为主语,后面为从句;
(2)thinks 后面是宾语从句,该宾语从句省略了引导词that;
(3)as strange as: 引导了比较状语从句,第一个as 前面是主句,第二个as和后面是从句;
(4)在宾语从句kids don`t find , find 是谓语, the experience of … 是宾语且核心词是experience, strange是宾语补足语;
(5)Of being taught : being taught 是动名词的被动语态,做介词Of的宾语,因为孩子是被智能机器教,因此使用倍动态;
(6)in a time of : 在原因状语从句中充当grown up的时间状语。
词汇语法解析:
(1)find + somebody/something + 形容词:发现/认为/觉得 某人/某怎么样。形容词为宾语补足语,和宾语somebody/something 构成了复合宾语:
find the book interesting: 觉得这本书很有趣;
(2)动名词的被动语态:being done
The boy missed being hurt by the car.
这个男孩避免了被车伤到;
(3)grow up: 长大;
(4)in a time of : 在…时期
句子
Frost认为孩子们不像老人那样觉得被智能机器教导的经历和奇怪,因为他们生长在一个手机和电脑都很普及的时代。
第8句:非限定性定语从句
She and a group friends are using their program skill to create a new app called Food of Thought , which will allow parents, students and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students who are in a nearby school.
长句分析:
(1)首先寻找连词,关系代词which引导了一个非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Food of Thought . 因此which前面是主句,which后面是从句;
(2)在which引导的定语从句中,who 是关系代词,引导定语从句修饰先行词students, 并且在定语从句中做主语;
(3)在which引导的定语从句, which 是主语,allow 是谓语,to donate 是宾语补足语;
(4)在主句中出现三个动词 using, create, called, 需要区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。Using是谓语动词,to create是动词不定式做宾语补足语,Called 是过去分词短语做后置定语,修饰app;
重点词汇语法解析:
(1)donate: 赠送;献(血);捐献(器官);捐款,捐赠;
donation : 名词形式
donate something to somebody/something : 将…捐献给某人/某物;
(2)过去分词短语做后置定语:表示被动
a book written by Moyan :一本由莫言写的书;
a shopping mall opened last month: 一个上个月开张的购物商场;
(3)allow:允许
allow doing sth (allow to do 不正确)
allow sb to do sth
(4) kind-hearted: 仁慈的;善良的;宽容的;好心的;
(5)account:帐户;帐目;描述,报告;解释,说明;
open an account: 开
keep detailed account: 记明细账;
He gave a detailed account of what happen on that night.
他详细的描述了那天晚上发生的事。
(6)account for :
(a)(数量,比例上)占…
Computer accounts for 5% of expense.
电脑占据开支的5%。
(b)说明,解释(原因,理由)
I can't account for why it happened.
我不能解释这件事为什么发生了。
长句
她和一群朋友正在利用他们的程序技巧,开发一款名为“思想食物”的新应用程序,该应用程序将允许家长、学生甚至善良的陌生人向附近学校学生的午餐账户捐款。
第9句:时间状语从句
Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity, while a third of the world's food production depends on this yellow and dark insect and other pollinators .
长句分析:
(1)首先寻找连词:and, while
(2)while 作为连词有两个作用,一是并列连词,表示转折,
(3)此长句的前半部分是由and连接的两个并列句,前半部分主语+系统词 + 介词短语构成的主系表结构,后半部分是现在进行时;because of 为介词短语做原因状语
重要词汇语法解析:
(1)in danger :垂危;处于危险中;处于危险之中;
(2)go down :下降;下沉;下降,降低;消退
(3)because of :因为,由于;
(4)production :生产,产量;
(5)depend on :依靠
it all depends: 看情况
(6) a third :三分之一, two thirds :三分之二:
长句
第10句:定语从句
In 1767, the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought intoAmerica.
长句分析:
(1)首先寻找连词:that, which
(2)that 引导了定语从句,修饰先行词laws ,并且that 在定语从句中充当主语的成分;
(3)which 引导了定语从句,修饰先行词all goods, 并且which 在定语从句中做主语。注意:该定语从句是被动语态,系动词使用复数形式were, 是因为和先行词all goods 保持主谓一致;
(4)introduce: 介绍, 采纳,发起;
长句
第11句:原因状语从句,宾语从句
As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together.
长句分析:
(1)首先寻找连词:as, that;
(2)as 放在句首引导原因状语从句,从句后面是主句;
(3)在主句中,they 是主语,find是谓语动词,that引导宾语从句,做find的 宾语;
(4)在宾语从句中, can spend是符合谓语,time为宾语, talking, playing, doing 是由三个动名词构成的并列宾语补足语;
重点词汇解析:
(1)as可以引导愿意状语从句,
(2)pick up: 学会,养成;
(3)lifestyle: 生活方式;
(4)spend time (in) doing something ;
spend time on something :
花费时间做某事;
(5) all kinds of : 各种各样的
长句
第12句:原因状语从句,定语从句
Those who choose to be happy must help others to find happiness , as the happiness of each has something to do with the happiness of all.
长句分析:
(1) 首先寻找连词:who, as;
(2) as 引导原因状语从句,as 前面的句子是主句;
(3)在主句中,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词those, 并且在定语从句中充当主;
(4)Must help 是主句的符合谓语,others 是宾语,to find happiness 是宾语补足语 ;
重点词汇解析:
(1)choose to do something: 选择做某事;
(2)help somebody ( to ) do something : 帮助某人做某事,to可以省略;
(3)happiness: 幸福;
(4)have something to do with : 和…有关系;
have nothing to do with: 和…无关系;
长句
第13句:宾语从句
A survey made by Nelsen last year showed that kids are using mobile phone even before they got into their teens.
长句分析:
首先找出连词,有that, before ;
(1)that 引导宾语从句,做动词showed 的宾语。在此宾语从句中,before 引导时间状语从句,before前面是that宾语从句的主句;
(2)a survey 是整个复合句的主语,其中 made by Nelsen last year是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰survey;
重点词汇解析:
(1)survey : 调查;信息反馈;问卷调查;
(2)get into : 进入;穿上;成癖;陷于......;
(3)teens: 青少年;十多岁;青少年读物(13到19岁之间)
长句
第14句:强调句型,定语从句
Most of the time, it is not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem that creates the mess in your life.
长句分析:
(1)本句是一个强调句型,将it is , that去掉,重新组合句子:
Not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem creates the mess in your life.
(2)not ….but, 不是…而是…, 引导并列主语,the problem 和 your action to the problem ; creates 是谓语动词, the mess是宾语;
(3)you meet with 是一个定语从句修饰先行词problem,该定语从句省略了关系词that/which;
重点词汇语法解析:
(1)强调句型的结构:
It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。
该句型可以用来强调主语,宾语,状语,但是不可以强调谓语;
(2)强调句型判断标准:
去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
(3)not…but…:不是…而是…: 链接两个并列主语时,谓语动词采用就近原则
Not you but I am wrong.
不是你错了,而是我错了。系动词使用am,依据I 来确定的;
(4)meet with: 遭遇,偶尔遇到;
(5) mess: 脏乱,不整洁,困境;
长句
第15句:宾语从句,让步状语从句,时间状语从句
She says although she always heard about bullying when she was in primary school, she never thought it would happen.
长句分析:
(1)本题是一个复合句,says是复合句的谓语动词,后面所有的部分都是says的宾语从句;
(2)该宾语从句也是一个复合句,其中although引导了让步状语从句,该状语从句中又包含了when引导了时间状语从句(3)宾语从句的主句是she never thought it would happen.其中it would happen 也是一个宾语从句,做谓语动词thought的宾语。
重点词汇解析:
(1)although 不可以和but连用,但是可以和yet, still 连用;
(2)hear about: 听说;
(3)bully: 恐吓;胁迫;伤害;
(4)primary school:小学
长句
第16句:让步状语从句,定语从句
Although happiness is a door that is always open, we are the ones who have to decide if we are going to walk through the door.
长句分析:
(1)although 引导让步状语从句;在该从句中that引导了一个定语从句,修习先行词a door, 并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分;
(2)在主句中,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词the ones,并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分;
(3)在定语从句who have to decide中,if引导宾语从句,做decide宾语;
长句
第17句:宾语从句,强调句型
He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy
长句分析:
1. Realized是主句的谓语动词,后面的that是一个宾语从句;
2. That引导的宾语从句是一个强调句型:去掉it wash…that…, 宾语从句的正常语序为his laziness made him poor and unhappy;
重要词汇语法解析:
1. suddenly :突然;忽然;猛然;骤然;
2. realize: 实现;意识到;领悟;理解;
3. laziness: 懒惰;
4. make + somebody + 形容词:使某人处于某种状态。形容词为宾语somebody的宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明
5. 强调句型的结构:
It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。该句型可以用来强调主语,宾语,状语,但是不可以强调谓语;
6. 强调句型判断标准:去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
长句
第18句:宾语从句,定语从句,条件状语从句
The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.
长句分析:
1. 首先寻找此长句中的连词:if, and。And前后为句子,因此and 链接了两个并列句;
2. 第一个if引导了宾语从句,充当judging的宾语,If
3. 第二个if引导的是条件状语从句,
4. 注意:第二个if 并不是引导宾语从句,做judging的宾语。原因如下:如果if是judging的宾语从句,那么从The strangers到sleepy 是一个句子, 后面的their attractiveness score was low.是另一个句子,两个独立的句子之间应该使用并列连词链接。可是此处并没有连词,因此第二个If不是judging的宾语从句;
重点词汇 解析:
1. be good at: 擅长;
2. judge: 判断;
3. attractiveness:吸引力;魅力;吸引性;
长句
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